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- / SCIENCE, Page 52The Sun's Dark Side
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- For all its beneficence, the sun is not too kind to those
- who, intentionally or not, overexpose themselves to its warming
- rays. While most of the harmful solar radiation is absorbed by
- the ozone layer, enough ultraviolet light gets through the
- atmosphere to endanger the unwary.
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- In addition to the occasional painful sunburn, long-term
- exposure to the sun, especially between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.,
- weakens the skin's elasticity and brings on premature wrinkling
- and sagging. Of greater concern, it causes as many as half a
- million new cases of skin cancer every year. Most of these are
- basal or squamous cell carcinomas, which have high cure rates.
- But solar radiation may be a cause of melanoma, which can be
- fatal. Ultraviolet light apparently weakens the immune system;
- after a severe sunburn, some people suffer outbreaks of oral
- herpes or other disorders. Excessive exposure aggravates cases
- of chicken pox and can be especially dangerous, even fatal, to
- victims of lupus.
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- Sunscreens with a skin protection factor SPF of 15 or higher
- can minimize the risks to skin and the immune system. People who
- have allergic reactions to the sun, in the form of hives,
- blisters, red blotchy areas or bumps, may be using some drug,
- cosmetic or perfume that makes them more sensitive to sunlight.
- Avoiding such products will generally help solve the problem.
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- Ultraviolet rays have been implicated in the development of
- cataracts, a clouding of the eye lens. The rays chemically alter
- the lens' proteins, making them stick together and turning a
- clear lens murky. For protection during long exposure to the
- sun, doctors recommend wearing sunglasses, especially those
- that completely block ultraviolet, and wide-brimmed hats.
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